Sharks and rays are among the oceans most vulnerable yet under protected animals. Many populations have been seriously overfished, putting entire ecosystems at risk. Most countries lack catch limits for key species, while many finning bans relying on complicated ratios instead of complete prohibitions of removal of fins at sea remain weak.

However, the strongest evidence suggests that that vitamin C does not prevent heart disease or reduce death due to heart disease. Colon cancer, rectal cancer. Higher intake of vitamin C from food or supplements is not linked with a lower risk of cancer in the colon or rectum.

These results would suggest that low levels of CXCL12 and recognition of self peptides presented by self MHC on endothelial cells allows efficient migration of Tregs whereas higher levels of CXCL12 may promote tumour metastases and lead to fugetaxis of the Tregs leading to an even worse prognosis.In conclusion recognition of cognate antigen presented by endothelium enhances antigenspecific transmigration of CD8 and Regulatory T cells. This study therefore reports a novel mechanism for T cell subset infiltration into tumours where high avidity CD8 T cells require recognition of cognate tumour antigen presented on tumour endothelium in the context of MHC class I and conversely regulatory T cell infiltration into tumours depends on the repertoire of self peptides presented on tumour endothelium in the context of MHC class II. Alteration of antigen presentation or MHC expression on tumour endothelium therefore represents a mechanism whereby T cell infiltration can be altered to re direct anti tumour immune responses..

We already knew that income inequality was getting worse. But new research adds important new data, showing how the taxes we pay and the benefits we receive affect our incomes. Previous research, some critics have complained, has failed to account for the effect of progressive tax policies that see people on higher incomes pay proportionally more, and welfare programs like Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which do some work to redistribute income.The research, which factors in taxes and government transfers, comes from economists Thomas Piketty, at the Paris School of Economics and Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman, from the University of California, Berkeley.

Courtesy imageBig, bulky clippers can be hard to maneuver, so luckily this one is on the slim side, claiming to be 20% lighter, 10% smaller, and 15% faster than traditional versions. Whatever the numbers, you’ll feel the ease in your wrist when you swipe the hair away without hesitation. The detachable ceramic blades ensure a smooth finish and the removable cord won’t trip you up..